How to Analyse Poetic Structure

Technically, the ‘structure’ of the poem can include anything that the writer has deliberately done to organise or shape the poem in any way. But it’s also the intention or reason behind the choice that matters most - if you identify a technique without understanding the reason, you won’t be able to analyse it properly. 

Analysing poetic structure isn’t just about ticking boxes—it’s about unlocking the architecture behind the emotions of the poem. Once you start paying attention to how a poem is built, you’ll find that its meaning and beauty open up in new, exciting ways.

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Here are some ways you can think about structure:

• How many stanzas?
  The number of stanzas can help indicate shifts in ideas, tone, or time.
  

• How long are the stanzas?
  The length of stanzas can affect the poem’s rhythm and the emphasis of ideas.
  

• What kind of punctuation is being used?
  Punctuation influences the flow, pauses, and overall clarity of meaning.
  

• Is there a volta, or turning point in the poem?
  A volta marks a shift in argument, perspective, or emotional tone.
  

• Do the lines enjamb, or is there end-stopping?
  Enjambment can create momentum, while end-stopping can slow the pace and add finality.
  

• Is caesura used?
  Caesura, or a pause within a line, can break rhythm and draw attention to specific phrases or emotions.
  

• Is there any dialogue?
  Dialogue can introduce different voices or perspectives within the poem.
  

• Is there a shift in tone, mood or focus?
  Changes in tone or focus often reveal emotional development or thematic progression.
  

• How does the poem look visually?
  The visual layout can mirror or contrast with the poem’s content or tone.
  

• How does the poet control the pace of reading?
  The poet controls pace through line length, punctuation, and rhythm.
  

• Do any moments create or release tension?
  Points of tension or release add drama and emotional depth to the poem.